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The festival of Eid al-Fitr, the Festival of Fast-breaking, is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting.  The holiday celebrates the conclusion of the 29 or 30 days of dawn-to-sunset fasting during the entire month of Ramadan.

As the date of Eid depends on the sighting of the moon, there may be variations in the exact date that is celebrated around the world. The announcement of the exact dates of Eid Al-Fitr may not happen until close to the start of Ramadan.

Id-ul-Fitr in India

Kerala is the only Indian state whose date for Eid al-Fitr is determined by the sighting of the moon in Saudi Arabia. Though the public holiday may not change from that gazetted at the start of the year.

Traditions of Eid al-Fitr

'Sawm', which is the practice of fasting during the holy month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam. Muslims believe that it was during the month of Ramadan that the text of the Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.

Muslims celebrate Eid Al-Fitr with prayers called "Salat Al Eid" in Arabic. There is no audible call to prayer for the Eid prayers. Muslims will gather in mosques or open spaces and offer two units of prayer – called "Rakat". The prayers are followed by a sermon, in which the imam asks for forgiveness, mercy, and peace for every being across the world.

Other key elements of the Eid celebrations are giving money to the poor (known as 'Zakat al-Fitr', the amount to be given depends on the possessions someone has), sending Eid greetings and feasting with families.

For many Muslims, Eid al-Fitr is a festival to show gratitude to Allah for the help and strength he gave them throughout the month of Ramadan to help them practice self-control.

The phrase commonly used by Muslims as a greeting on this day is “Eid Mubarak”, which is Arabic for 'blessed festival'. The proper response to Eid Mubarak is "Khair Mubarak", which wishes goodness on the person who has greeted you.

The first Eid al-Fitr was celebrated in 624 CE by the Prophet Muhammad and his companions after their victory in the battle of Jang-e-Badar, a turning point in Muhammad's struggle with his opponents among the Quraish in Mecca during in the early days of Islam.

Eid al-Fitr may also be called 'Feast of the Lesser Bairam, Bairam being a Turkic word for holiday. It may seem odd that the word lesser is used for such a widely celebrated festival, the reason is that the 'Greater Bairam' is Eid al-Adha, the other great Islamic festival which is seen as the holier of the two. 

Traditions in India

The festival is a time for feasting, rejoicing, and thankfulness.

The preparations for the festival start at the beginning of Ramadan.

When the day finally arrives and the period of fasting ends, children receive many gifts, there are fairs with street bazaars selling festive goods and traditional foods.

Many attend religious ceremonies and visit with friends and family.

This is one of the most anticipated holidays on the Indian Muslim calendar.

 EID PRAYER

The scholars differed concerning the ruling on Eid prayers. However, all Muslim should attend prayers of both Eids as most scholars, on the basis of strong evidences, is of opinion that it is Wajib (obligation). One of the purpose behind Eid Prayer is to provide opportunities to a greater number of Muslims to attend larger congregations in an atmosphere of religious piety. Apart from prayer, the Eid sermon (after Eid Prayer) has also been made an integral part of this gathering and the prayer. 

• It is important and compulsive for a Muslim to pay ‘Zakat-ul-Fitr’ before offering of Eid Prayer. )
• The time for Eid Prayer begins from the time the sun is three meters above the horizon until the sun reaches its meridian. However, it is better to offer the prayer in the early hours after the sunrise. 
• Eid Prayer is performed without any ‘Iqmah’ or ‘Athan’. 
• Eid prayer consists of two Rak'at (Two Unit Prayer) during which Tabkeer (Allah-u-Akbar) is pronounce seven times. 
• Rest of the Eid prayer is same as other prayer offered daily.
• After completing the prayer, it is Sunnah (some scholars say that it is Wajib) to listen the Sermon (Khutbah) after Eid Prayer. So one should stay for Imam’s sermon to end after completing the Eid Prayer.

After listening the sermon, Muslims congratulate each other with greetings such as ‘Eid Mubarak’, ‘Happy Eid, and عيد مبارك etc. However, the most common Eid Greeting Muslims like to wish their friends and fellow Muslims is ‘Eid Mubarak’.

Sunnah of Eid Prayer

 A person should follow the teachings of the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) for every aspect of life and same is also apply for Eid prayer. Following are some Sunnah of Prophet (S.A.W.) which every Muslim should follow: 

1- Take a bath or perform ablution before going for prayer.

2- Use the tooth-brush (Miswaak).

3- You should wear your best clothes on this day.

4- Apply perfume.

5- Eat odd number of dates before leaving for prayer of Eid Al-Fitr. (Sahih Bukhari: 953)

6- Make sure that you have paid Zakat Al-Fitr before offering Eid Prayer.

7- Say following ‘Takbeerat’ while going and returning from Eid Prayer:

اَللهُ أَكْبَرُ ، اَللهُ أَكْبَرُ، اَللهُ أَكْبَرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ ، وَاللهُ أَكْبَرُ، اَللهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ

Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, Allahu akbar laa ilaaha ill-Allaah, wa Allaahu akbar, Allaah akbar, wa Lillaah il-hamd

(Allah is Most Great, Allaah is most Great, Allah is most Great there is no god but Allaah, Allaah is Most great, Allaah is most great, and to Allaah be praise)

 (Irwa Al Ghalil: 3 / 125)

8- Listening to Sermon (Khutbah) after offering Eid Prayer. (An-Nasai: 1517)

9- Use different ways while going to mosque and returning after offering Eid Prayer. (SBukhari: 986)ahih Bukhari: 986)

According to above mentioned Hadith, Zakat Al-Fitr or Sadaqat-ul-Fitr (or fitrah/fitrana) is Wajib upon every Muslim including slave, freeman, male, female, young, new-born and old. Compulsion of Zakat ul-Fitr on a Muslim is same as the Nisab of normal Zakat (Nisab Is the exemption limit for the payment of Zakat).

 Calculate the Payable Zakat through Zakat Calculator 

The amount of Sadaqa Al-Fitr to be given by each person is an amount minimum or equivalent to one Sa' of grain / barley / date. Sa’ is an ancient measure of volume and most common understanding is that one Sa' is equivalent to approx. 2.25-2.5 KGs. However, Muslims scholars all around the world usually announce the amount of Zakat Al-Fitr to be paid during Ramadan.

As in normal Zakat, Zakat Al-Fitr is distributed among poor and needy Muslim. It is preferable to give Sadaqat-ul-Fitr firstly to needy relatives, thereafter to needy neighbors and then to other needy Muslims.

Zakat Al-Fitr should be paid before the Eid Prayer.

CONCLUSION

So enjoy this festival as you can celebrate the entire day with your friends and family members and eating but don’t forget your under-privileged fellow Muslim brother and sisters who don’t have the means to celebrate this blessed festival.